ESL Market Statistics How Many People Learn English

There are 1.5 billion English-language learners worldwide,  says British Council member John Knagg. The group is one of the largest providers of English language instruction in the world with more than 3,000 full-time English teachers globally. The number of English-language learners has led to a great demand for those who can teach the language, Knagg says, adding: The lack of qualified English language instructors presents one of the largest challenges to educators and citizens across the globe. EFL vs. ESL English-language learners worldwide are largely divided into two groups: The British Council says that there are 750 million English as a foreign language speakers and 375 million English as second language learners. The difference between the two groups is that EFL speakers generally are those using English occasionally for business or pleasure, while ESL students use English on a daily basis. It is a commonly held misconception that ESL students only need to know the language to communicate with native speakers because English is required for those living and working in English-speaking countries such as the U.K. and the U.S.  It is equally true, however, that English is used as the lingua franca between nations where English is not the primary language. These countries use English as a common tongue to make it more convenient to conduct business and cultural transactions. Continued Growth The number of English learners around the world is only expected to grow. English is currently spoken by 1.75 billion people worldwide, one out of every four people on the planet, according to the British Councils report, The English Effect. The group estimates that by 2020, 2 billion people will be using the language. Because of this growth, the demand for ESL and EFL teachers abroad has increased in recent years, with countries from India to Somalia calling for teachers to travel abroad and share their knowledge of English. As noted, there is an almost insatiable demand for qualified English-language instructors across the globe, particularly for native speakers, adds John Bentley, in his article, Report from TESOL 2014: 1.5 Billion English Learners Worldwide on the Teach English Abroad blog, which is published by the TEFL Academy. The group certifies more than 5,000 English-language teachers annually, most of whom then take jobs teaching English around the globe. This growth in those learning English globally is perhaps also due to the rising global business market where English is the most commonly accepted language. English in the European Union The European Union recognizes 24 official languages within the group as well as a number of other regional minority languages and languages of migrant populations like refugees. Because of the vast diversity of languages and cultures in the EU, there has recently been a push to accept one common language for dealing with foreign entities outside those of member states, but this creates an issue of representation when it comes to minority languages like Catalan in Spain or Gaelic in the United Kingdom. Still, workplaces within the EU operate with the 24 accepted primary  languages, including English, most of which are offered as courses in primary schools and other educational institutions. Learning English, specifically then, becomes a pursuit of keeping up with the rapid globalization of the rest of the world, but fortunately for the EU, many citizens in its member states speak English quite fluently already. With the UK expected to leave the EU through Brexit—short for British Exit—it remains to be seen if English will continue to be a primary language used by members of the organization.

Feminism A Feminist Perspective - 1965 Words

When people think of the words â€Å"feminist† or â€Å"feminism† it sometimes open the doors to a scrutinizing debate. People will go back and forth on their opinions of this delicate topic causing some people to change their minds where as others will just add more fuel to their own fire by making their beliefs even stronger for the next time they wish to defend their thoughts and ideas. Those people who stand by their strong supportive thoughts, ideas, and beliefs on the topic of feminism are known as a feminist’s. These feminists are strong believers for gender equality but most importantly empowering and celebrating women. Feminism dates as far back as to the 20th and 21st century when women were seen as inferior beings to the male population.†¦show more content†¦Throughout history there have been more than a few feminists who have paved the way for progressively more feminists to join in on the concept of change for women. A few well-known names a re Susan B. Anthony, Luce Irigaray, Julia Kristeva and Mary Wollstonecraft. Each of these feminists brought something different to the table of feminism thus creating a vast amount of theories for the subject. But one feminist that stands out as one of the most outstanding philosophers and writers of feminism, was no other than Simone de Beauvoir. What was so unique about Simone de Beauvoir was her notably diverse approach because instead of identifying herself as a philosopher, she instead identified herself as an author and feminist theorist. Some of her works include but are not limited to, â€Å"The Second Sex: Woman As Other†, â€Å"Coming of Age: The Other Again† and â€Å"All Men are Mortal, A Very Easy Death, Adieux: A Farewell to Sartre: Finitude, Passion, and the Body.† Beauvoir’s work with â€Å"The Second Sex: Woman as Other† is one piece of writing that is particularly inspiring as a young female and in which is totally relatable on s o many levels. â€Å"The Second Sex argues against the either/or frame of the woman question (either women and men are equal or they are different). It argues for women’s equality, while

Alternatives to Incarceration free essay sample

Provision of sustainable security in the society should be a collaborative endeavor between the government and social institutions which form the community. The government has a legal authority to mitigate crime activities through the criminal justice system, a factor that leads to incarceration. On the other hand, social institutions such as the family, church, and learning institutions play the ultimate role of instill reliable character and behaviors to members of the community as a tool for promoting social acceptable conduct in the society (Reisig, Cole, Clear, 2008). According to psychologists, the development of character traits on the young generation is mainly based on the surrounding environment. This is because the young engage in copying and adopting the behaviors of other in the community. Nevertheless, social institutions have failed in ensuring an environment that can promote reliable character among members. Such has been blamed for inhibiting the process of effectively fighting crime in the community. The author seeks to give a discussion on the question; why should we expect the correctional system to be able to accomplish so much when so many other social institutions have failed? When family, school, and churches are unable to inculcate law-abiding behavior. Why should we be surprised if the correctional also system fails? Possible solutions to the problems affecting the effectiveness of American correctional system will also be given. The American correctional system effectiveness The American correctional system has been blamed for its failure in ensuring sustainable reforming of criminals to reflective compatible character and behavior in the society. According to its mandate, the correctional system is marked with the responsibility of incarcerating crime offenders as a mechanism for instilling behavioral change from crime activities. Nevertheless, numerous research findings have evidently shown a high rate of recidivism into criminal behavior by criminals upon release from correctional facilities (Conis, DeLisi, 2009). Indeed, such findings indicate that victims from correctional facilities are more likely to engage in more serious criminal activities than before their incarceration. Numerous factors have been closely attributed with this failure of the American correctional system. First, the system is faced with the problem of addressing individual needs of criminals as a potential drive to committing crime in the society (Western, Weiman, Pattillo, 2004). As an example, the criminal justice system of American has received for failing to appreciate the psychological requirements of drug related crime offenders as well as mentally impaired criminals. According to psychological evidence, imposing punishment on drug abusers and mentally impaired victims serves no more than torture. This is because these individuals have their reasoning and judgmental capability compromised. This has the implication that crime offenders who have mental or drug abuse history can only be effectively corrected by engaging them in resolving their psychological problems first. This has nevertheless, been a major failure in the American correctional system. True from available statistical evidence, drug related crime activities are the leading source of prison population in the American community (Conis, DeLisi, 2009). In fact, this statistics indicate that an estimated over 40 percent of prison population in US is comprised of convicts of drug related crimes. Despite this fact, the correctional system has invested limited resources in establishing rehabilitation rather than incarceration facilities. Another factor which has been associated with the failure of the American correctional system is poor influence among inmates in the correctional facilities. The Federal Bureau of Prisons as the federal agency responsible for administering prisons has been quite efficient in appreciating the need to categorize prisoners depending on their crime. Based on this reasoning, the agency currently operates five security levels of correctional facilities in the nation which accommodate victims depending on the level of security needed (Western, Weiman, Pattillo, 2004). Such facilities range from low security prison camps with weak or no fenced perimeters to high secure prison marked with wall reinforced double-fenced perimeters and high prison guard to inmate ratio. On the contrary, it is commonly asserted that conviction and sentencing of criminals remains the decision of the criminal law courts. Just to be appreciated here is the fact that court trails in the nation are based on the due process procedure clause of the constitution. On the other hand, this constitutional provision bases its decisions on facts presented and the strength of defense given by the defendant in the case (Western, Weiman, Pattillo, 2004). This has the implication that such decisions are subject to error. Indeed, available information has claimed of numerous incidences of unequal conviction for priority criminals. This is because these criminals have been through the system several time and effectively identified the numerous escape loopholes in the system. Based on the above reasoning, the process of categorizing criminals in the correctional facilities based on court judgments remains a major setback to qualify security needs and mitigate poor influence among convicted crime offenders (Conis, DeLisi, 2009). This is because the process leads to accommodating of various levels of criminals in the same, a factor which promotes crime behavioral influence to first time offenders. Such is the reason behind the claim that victims of imprisonment potentially engage in more serious crime upon release from prison. Therefore, the failure of American correctional system can be closely attributed to lack of an efficient mechanism for identifying and group criminals depending on their crime gravity and required correction strategies. Over the passed three decades, the America correctional system has witnessed a high rate of increase in the number of prisoners held in its correctional facilities. This has no doubt been the source for numerous social and political concerns on the problem of overcrowding in the prisons (Meares, 2007). On the other side, overcrowding is to be blamed for increasing facility strain, thus leading to poor living conditions for inmates. According to psychological principles, character is build through persistent instilling of ideas in an individuals subconscious mind. This means that given long-term inhuman conditions imposed by prisoners, they are only bound top develop an attitude of less value for life and others in the society. In addition, numerous research findings have identified a close link between prisoner and prison guard behavior based on correctional facility conditions. It is no doubt that correctional facilities are marked with sense of authority from the prison guards forcing inmates to feel powerless and depersonalized (Wilson, 1993). On the other side, pushed against the wall, human beings are bound to fight back. This implies that the harsh condition imposed on prisoners in correctional facility is a potential cause for law defiance mentality among prisoners. Such attitudes are bound to be transfer to the community level by inmates upon their release, an element that negates their ability to respect law and order in the community. Social institutions as failures in inculcating law-abiding behavior   Sustainable behavior among the young generation is based on the influence brought to them by underlying social institutions in the society. This is based on the fact that at birth a child is purely innocent, only to development attitude and character with time. It is due to this reason why most criminal behaviors in the community are blamed to poor family influence on the young members of the community (Reisig, Cole, Clear, 2008). Family violence in the society is one of the numerous reasons for the failure by parents in promoting law abiding behavior among children. This is because such practices leave parents with limited time to monitor and address behavioral issues of their children.

Theoretical Framework free essay sample

Theoretical Framework Theoretical Framework Through the course material as well as the knowledge gleaned through research of gap analysis in reflective nursing practice, it is clear that reflective practice is widely accepted in literature and by educators as utilitarian in promoting a high-level of nursing performance. However, bridging the gap between academia and the world of clinical practice continues to be problematic, as the orientation of academia continues to lack empirical verification from clinical practice (Bastable, 2008). Schon (as cited in Bastable, 2008) proposed in the 1980s that reflective practice, which focuses on applying concepts gleaned from scientific perspectives, would result not only in producing immediate improvement in patient care practices but also offer nurses insight into applications for future practice (Bastable, 2008). However, as shown in the gap analysis, there is a gap in the literature that indicates empirical verification of Schons assumption. Therefore, the aim of this paper, proposes a component of a theoretical framework designed to address this discrepancy by showing how the proposed theoretical component can be used to increase the utilization of reflective practice within professional nursing. We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Framework or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This theoretical framework draws upon the work of nursing theorist Rosemary Rizzo Parses Theory of Human Becoming. An Overview of Parses Theory Rosemarie Rizzo Parses Theory of Human Becoming focuses on the human-universe-health process that Parse regard as the principal phenomenon of concern for the discipline of nursing (Fawcett, 2005, p. 72). The purpose of Parses theory is to offer a comprehensive nursing model that provides an alternative to the medical model, but also focusing on themes that Parse believes should be the focus of nursing, such as the themes of rhythm and transcendence. Parse categorizes nursing theories into two principal categories: those that follow the simultaneity paradigm and those that follow the totality paradigm (McKenna, 1997). The totality paradigm has its roots in both Newtonian and Cartesian science and corresponds well with the medical model (Wilson-Thomas, 1995). Parse argues that this has been the leading paradigm in nursing, giving rise to a variety of theories, which focus on aiding patients adaptation to the environment (McKenna, 1997). However, in contrast to Martha Rogers in 1970, Parse in 1981 elaborates on the difference between the simultaneity paradigm, and the totality paradigm in three significant dimensions (Fawcett, 2005). The totality paradigm dimensions incorporate assumptions about the person and health in relation to the goal of nursing; and in the implications for research and practice (McKenna, 1997, p. 01). The simultaneity paradigm views the person as a unitary being who is in continuous mutual and simultaneous interaction with the environment (McKenna, 1997, pp. 101-102). In this viewpoint, health is understood as a â€Å"process of becoming,† and as a set of value priorities (McKenna, 1997, p. 102). Parses theory incorporates four assumptions concerning human behavior and four assumptions relating to the process of becoming. The assumptions about human beings follows: The human is coexisting while co-constituting rhythmical patterns with the universe The human is open, freely choosing meaning in situation, bearing responsibility for decisions The human is [indivisible], continuously co-constituting patterns of relating The human is transcending multi-dimensionally with the possible (Fawcett, 2005, p. 474). Component of a Theoretical Framework       Human behavior relies on the day- to- day experiences while drawing on training to make decisions. A great deal of nursing training often focuses on the medical aspects of patient care; therefore, there is a tendency to focus solely on these aspects of patient care. However, it is also true that the medical side of patient care, the physical needs of the individual who is the focus of care, does not address the differentiating factors specific to nursing, such as holistic care that considers the psychological, spiritual, emotional and social needs of the patient. Therefore, the first concept in the proposed component is that knowledge of a grand nursing theory, such as Parses, can have a beneficial effect on patient care, and a holistic effect for describing the definitions of superlative nursing care. A phrase well known about the role of concepts in theory building is that concepts are the â€Å"building blocks of theory' (Rodgers, 2000, p. 9). In her book on concept care mapping, Schuster (2008), points out the utility of concepts, as these are the ideas that practicing nurses use to guide, facilitate and implement practice behaviors. As the above description indicates, Parses theory provides the theoretical framework that the first component addresses. The second concept is the premise that incorporating Parses principles into nursing practice requires reflection for nurses engaged in clinical practice. In adding to the discussions on theory development theory Meleis ( 2007), addresses the following four major strategies for addressing theory development: Theory to practice to theory; practice to theory; research to theory; and theory to research to theory ( p. 191). The theory to practice to theory strategy refers to when the theorist selects a theory to apply to practice and uses this experience to refine the theory still further (Meleis, 2007). A pivotal assumption in this strategy is that the main precepts of the theory are congruent with the assumptions that guide nursing (Meleis, 2007, p. 191). This statement is certainly applicable to Parses orientation, which provides a nursing alternative to the medical model. Frisch (2009), argues that nursing is holistic in nature, as nursing, as a profession, has never had its focus only on the physical body or the disease entity, but has because its inception, also focused on the clients experience of the condition (Frisch, 2009, p. 113). The definition of nursing theory offered by Frisch encompasses reflective practice, as she indicates â€Å"nursing theory is a framework from which professional nurses can think about their work (Frisch, 2009, p. 114). In other words, by requiring nurses to be knowledgeable about a theory, Parses theory is used as an example, and then stipulating that nurses reflect on ways that Parses theoretical principles can be applied to practice, the components defined above influence the incidence and implementation of reflective practice. How a Theoretical Framework Reflects Meta-paradigms of Nursing Theoretical nursing models are composed of the theorists conceptualization of the major paradigm concepts found within nursing, e. g. , person, environment, health and nursing, as well as those concepts unique to that model (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 17). The concept of person, the recipient of care, whether a single individual, a family, a small group or a community, is central to the formulation of the theory with the model often focusing on the interrelationships between person and additional concepts (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 17). The way in which theorists define environment is another significant area for determining the theorists perspective. Environments can be directional, linear, open or closed, and related to the way in which the other meta-paradigm concepts are addressed (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 17). Concerning the meta-paradigms of nursing, the perspective of Parses theory focuses on the theoretical foundation for the proposed theory components described above. However, in developing her theory, Parse synthesizes Rogers theory, i. e. , the Science of Unitary Human Beings.

The House at the Center of the Family free essay sample

Birds chirping, wind blowing, balls bouncing. My grandparents’ backyard situated in North Andover, Massachusetts is the ideal place to visit during the dog days of summer. It lies between a quaint neighborhood park, which has recently been remodeled, and Sutton Street, the town’s busiest road. Children on bikes and babies in strollers race down the connecting road in front of the house waving to neighbors as they pass by. The delicate structure of the house is intricate. It is painted red with a wall of rusty red bricks wrapping around a wide rectangular window in front of the living room. Above the white front door are engraved swirls that roll over each other like waves in the ocean. Behind this dainty cape style home lies a sparkling blue pool. The radiant red orange light from the searing summer sun floats above this pool’s crystal blue waters creating a milky orange juice appearance. We will write a custom essay sample on The House at the Center of the Family or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My younger cousins wearing blue and green printed trunks fly high into the air as they jump from the diving board nearest the fence deep into the pool’s cooling water. Large water droplets dance through the air whenever one of their small scrawny bodies smacks the water. They reappear, shaking their heads back and forth, before swimming off to the shallow end to regroup with their cousins. Throughout the afternoon, they swim, laugh, and talk as our parents watch from green lawn chairs at the rear of the yard next to the black intertwined fence separating my grandparents’ yard from their neighbors’. My cousins, Emily, Ally, and Lucy, and I, surround the badminton court at the right of the pool. We break into teams- Lucy with Emily, myself with Ally- before we chase after the white feathered birdie, then hitting it with our elongated rackets as many times as we can in a row. We loop the birdie through the air, keeping it lifted off the ground. Every other week during the summer, my family gathers at my grandparents’ house for family cookouts. We all like to get together during the summer; not just because the weather is ideal in the summer but also because that is the only time we are able to see them, besides Christmas of course. My immediate family and I live about two hours away from the rest of our family. Therefore, it is inconvenient for us to travel up to my grandparents’ house on the weekends. We can only visit on occasion due to these time reasons. So when we all get together, we treasure every moment. It is as if we had been together nonstop; we talk as if no time has passed. For instance, my cousin Ally and I have been best friends since we were born. We are only seven months apart; she was born in October 1997 and I was born in May 1998. And when we see each other, we give each other a big hug and go off into the my grandparents’ living room to discuss everything new and important that is occurring in our lives at the given moment. We have grown close over the years; we are almost inseparable to this day some might say. When the sun sinks below the horizon after a long day of laughing in the pool and fooling around on the imaginary badminton court, my cousins and I adventure off to the basement with our wet chlorine drenched hair tied back in ponytails and our clothes anew. We sit in a circle on a soft red carpet that stretches across the entirety of the floor. This is when we play games. One of our favorite games is called â€Å"commercials.† Commercials is a game which requires us to create our own product and create a convincing commercial for it. The goal of the game is to create the funniest, most entertaining commercial we can possibly think of. We only get a 30 second time slot and only two minutes to think of how we will advertise the imaginary product given to us. We can use anything we can find in the basement to better suit the commercial. Whoever comes up with the most entertaining commercial receives the privilege of being first in line for my grandfather’s fresh-off-the-grill cheeseburgers. It’s not much, but it’s definitely worth it when there are 20 other family members already lined up ready to gobble up his juicy cheeseburgers. Other games we play are â€Å"Dance 101† which is a game we play that showcases our stylish dance moves, and â€Å"House† which is a game we play with our youngest cousins and roleplay life as adults with children. However these games do not call for a winner, so no free cut-the-line passes are given. Our imaginary games of make believe have always been a great bonding opportunity for all of us. North Andover, Massachusetts is a very important town in my life. It’s where immediate family originates from and my extended family currently resides. If it wasn’t for my grandparents’ house, I wouldn’t be so close with my family. Almost every family gathering takes place at their house. I have countless memories of my family at my grandparents’ house: swimming, badminton, walks to the neighborhood park, eating my grandfather’s juicy homemade burgers, or having silly competitions with my cousins. All of these have a special place in my heart. My family is very important to me and if it wasn’t for my grandparents’ house, we wouldn’t be so close.

Lovely People do Stupid things essays

Lovely People do Stupid things essays How is love to influence our lives? Love-struck people do crazy things to express how they care for that particular person yet it is a long and windy road to these actions. It is down this path that experience spawns and trouble and happiness are felt. Janie Crawford of Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God, shows the road through the steps of her three relationships. These relationships, though not fulfilling ones, conclude in bettering Janies search and understanding of life. Johnny Taylor, Janies first kiss and gatekeeper to her future, When Janie was sixteen, she embarked on a sexual awakening. Johnny Taylor was a poor young man who lived in the Florida area. Janie allowed him to kiss her over the fence. Unfortunately, Nanny saw everything. With Nannys horrendous background of sinful deeds done to her, she wanted the best for Janie. As she saw the kiss, the doors of life opened for Janie and Nanny wasnt going to have her make the same mistakes that she had. Yet, Nanny had been impregnated under the circumstances of being a slave and this was not the case for Janie. Nanny stated that black women were the mules of the world, but she didn't want Janie to be a mule. She wanted to see Janie in a secure situation before she died, and Logan Killicks could provide that. Janie did not want to marry Logan, but she did so because Nanny told her that she would eventually come to love him. Ironically, Logan wanted to force Janie into the servitude that Nanny feared. Also, he was disappointed that Janie never returned his affection and attraction. If he could not possess her through love, he would possess her by demanding her submission. At heart, his actions arose from the fear that Janie would leave him. Two months after her marriage to Logan, Janie visited Nanny to ask when she would start loving him. Nanny berated Janie for not appreciat ...

Compare the characteristics of an operational database and a Essay

Compare the characteristics of an operational database and a dimensional database - Essay Example The data normalization for the operational database is required at a very high level to avoid the data redundancy. This type of databases is also referred to the â€Å"On-Line Transaction Processing† OLPT. This type of database is updated after every transaction and also represents the snapshot of a very current business situation. In an operation database, records are changed, updated, added and replaced. Relational model is used to compose operational systems with update and insert operations. Current databases are multidimensional, and technology is applied to distributed data. Large, complex, and high performance data is only facilitated by the dimensional database. For example, a sale manager wants to view the sale of a product for the particular region over a period. This is the dimensional view of data as higher dimensionality requires the high volume of data. The â€Å"On-Line analytical processing† known as OLAP enables the managers, analysts and professional to gain insight in view of information. An OLAP server supports the structures of the dimensional database. For dimensional databases, the multidimensional model is used to model the system. A company has multidimensional database of products, sales, finance, and employees. (IBM

Individual Research Project Sustainability and Food Essay

Individual Research Project Sustainability and Food - Essay Example This is because human beings are dependent to nature for its survivability. Thus, the need for human beings to preserve ecology and maintain it by regulating a healthy environment to live. Brundtland  (1987) stressed this when saying that sustainability is about maximizing resources without compromising the needs of future generations. This is recognizes the fact that nature is limited and that to sustain resources, people should be stewards of ecology. Harwood (1990) explicates that sustainability relates to agriculture where production of farm produce be done in methods or processes that ensures balanced utilization of resource and environment. Its should be complemented with social and economic design that upholds the standard of quality life (Pearce, Makandia & Barbier,1989) This is often manifested by producing goods that are organically-driven to preserve the fertility of the soil against commercial fertilizers and pesticides. Organic foods are perceived healthy and will not produce toxic enzymes that may affect human physiological system. Thus, sustainability is about preservation of ecosystems that are essential to life. This desire to sustain life substantially correlates with the kind of food served every meal. There were robust arguments which deliberated the vital significance of enhancing life by adopting a vegetarian lifestyle. Vegetarianism is a personal option, an ethical choice and a political statement. Often it is misperceived and thus, must be explicated in a wide range of health, ethical, religious, and historical issues on this perspective. The three basic vegetarian diets are lacto-ovo (milk, eggs included), lacto (no eggs), and vegan (no eggs, diary products or any foodstuffs made with eggs or dairy products). They abstain from food sourced from animal’s meat. Vegetarians were described as with lower weight, cholesterol level and blood pressures. Studies among dieticians

Commentary on the questionnaire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Commentary on the questionnaire - Essay Example Due to this fact, I oftentimes predisposed to being more of an evaluator of a situation and/or a particular issue. Although I realize that the test is not capable of analyzing or measuring each and every aspect of my personality, it is quite possible that I have overestimated my skills as an evaluator and should instead focus upon improving this particular aspect of my approach as a function of affecting a more positive outcome in the future. Interestingly, and somewhat surprisingly, the test denoted that irate and 11 out of 12 as far as being an â€Å"ideas person†. Whereas I have long prided myself with respect to the fact that I come up with potential solutions to issues and seek to engage teams in a positive way, the ranking of 11 out of 12 with respect to this category was not expected. In such a manner, this encourages me to continue this particular approach and engage team members with potential solutions and ideas as a means of effecting positive outcomes in the future. Furthermore, due to the fact that I have long held an interest in creativity and focused upon approaching issues from a standpoint that is uncommon to others, the potential for maximizing efficiency and benefit of being and ideas person comes to be represented to an even more full and complete degree. Additionally, as has been noted above, I have long understood myself to be both shy and somewhat in approachable in a situation that is defined by group interaction. Because of this, my scores with respect to leadership are rather low/moderate. Although ranking 6 out of 12 does not denote the fact that I am fearful of any level of leadership, it most certainly underscores the fact that I am not at ease or within a zone of comfort engaging with a position of leadership and directing others with respect to how they might best engage the tasks at hand. What was additionally noted had to do with the fact that I ranked relatively

Analysis of Changes in Wage Rates in India

Analysis of Changes in Wage Rates in India CACP – The data source which is an important source for wages in rural India unfortunately does not publish the wage data from these studies. The cost of cultivation scheme collects data from the selected household at regular intervals on all aspects of farm business. The valuation of human labor has always been a problematic issue for the CACP. There is however a number of limitations associated with this data such as lack of data for many crops, problem in aggregating the data from the state level, unavailability of data at the state level etc. The four reference points have been used to look at a change in the wage rate. However, the choice of reference points in the study have been limited to the years 1983 and 1987-88 in the 80’s and 1993-94 in the 90’s. AWI Wage Rate: It is the most widely used source for analyzing trends in wage rate for rural India. However, one given problem noticed by the researcher with respect to AWI is the time lag in the data and the method of aggregating all the data for th states and all India level. There were many studies performed to check the average wage rate of labourer in different parts of India by many previous researchers. However in all these studies used simple average of wage rates in different months to arrive at the annual figures. Also, all these studies used population of agricultural labourers’ from the census as weights to arrive at the wage rate. The average AWI wage rate is 30-40 percent higher as compared to the RLE/NSS estimates of wage rates. It was also studied that the AWI wage rates were found to be marginally upwards biased as compared to the FMS estimates of wages. A look at the wage trends from AWI since 1980-81 suggests that the wage rates have generally been higher in Punjab, Haryana, and Kerala as compared to the other states in the 80’s. However, by the end of 1990, Gujarat and West Bengal have seen to have made a significant contribution and is closer to the traditional high wage rates. Rajasthan, on the other hand which was closer to the traditional high wage rates has fallen behind and is considerably lower than Kerala, Punjab and Haryana. The states on the lower ends of the wage rate are Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh. Kerala’s wage rate is found to be three times those in Orissa and in Punjab and Haryana they are twice the wage rate in Orissa. Wages have continued to grow in all three time periods but there was a significant slowdown in the wage rate during the period 1987-88 and 93-94. For the period 1987-88 to 1993-94, which also included the year of the financial crisis and the conseque nt economic reforms, wage rates show a deceleration in almost all the states as well as the all India level. This decline in the growth of wages is sharper for Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, and Karnataka. Wage trends from CACP – In the study it was found out that this wage rate had been created by aggregating over crops using crop specific weights for individual states. Wage rates from CACP are generally found to correlate well with the AWI series in spite of the differences in methodology of collection of data. In fact, for both 1983 and 1987-88, wage rates from CACP show a very high correlation coefficient of 0.95 with the AWI wage rates. It was also analyzed in the study that wage rates from CACP show better growth rates in 1987-88 and 1993-94 as compared to the AWI series. Rajasthan turns out to be an exception which showed markedly improved wage rates as showed by AWI wage series. Even for other states, CACP does not show as sharp a deceleration as AWI. Maharashtra on the other hand shows sharp deceleration in the wage rate during 1987-88 and 1993-94. NSS – These wage rates were found to be statistically more significant and reliable than that of AWI or CACP because of their consistent and superior sampling framework but they also allow for a much higher level of disaggregation. The wage rates reported by NSS for males for agricultural occupations are considerably lower than the wage rates reported by AWI. It was further studied that the NSS rates were very well correlated with the rates of AWI series with a correlation coefficient of around 0.9 in the 1980’s, 0.87 in 1993-94 and 0.95 in 1999-00. However, again for most states there was a deceleration in the growth rate during the next sub period that is, between 1987-88 and 1993-94. Except for the state of Gujarat, deceleration was seen for almost all states. Gaps between agricultural and non agricultural wages narrowed down considerably in Punjab and Rajasthan. West Bengal and Karnataka were found to be the states having the lowest divergence between agricultural a nd non agricultural activities. Comparison between agricultural and non agricultural activities gender wise was also performed. It was analyzed that the growth rates in these activities in males suggested that in 1983-84 and 87-88 agricultural wages grew faster than non agricultural wages. For females, however non agricultural wages grew faster than agricultural wages. RLE/ALE wage trends – RLE uses a subset of households from the NSS employment and unemployment quinquennial surveys. The household types are either self employed in agriculture, non agriculture, agriculture labour, other labour and others. A comparison of the wage rate from the NSS and the RLE reveal that there is a high degree of correlation between them especially in the 1990. This is true not only at the all India level but also at the state level. For the period from 1983-1987, growth rates from RLE were shown to be 70-80 percent higher than the ones shown by the NSS series in the study. The growth rate of the NS were similar to those studied by AWI or CACP for many states, however the RLE suggests growth rates higher than any of these. Further it was also studied that the growth rate of wages in agriculture are much higher than those suggested by NSS or CACP or AWI. There was also an inter range comparison done in this study to check the difference in wages under the RLE scheme. It was analyzed that comparing the 1977 RLE scheme to that of 1983, real wage rates declined by almost 10 percent for the latter. Such a decline in wage rate is not accompanied by any other wage estimates including those from NSS. WRRI Wage rates from eleven agricultural operations and seven non agricultural operations. For wage rates for agricultural operations, simple average of sowing, transplanting, weeding, harvesting, winnowing and threshing was taken as the representative wages. The analysis in the study was based for the years 1990-2000 and 2002-03. It was studied that the wage rates from WRRI for agriculture than those reported by NSS and RLE for males and almost 60 percent higher for females. WRRI estimates of wage rates are found to be closer to the CACP or AWI estimates because of similarity in methodology and sources. WRRI is the only estimate that is available after 1999-00. It was further analyzed in the study that the wage rates between male and female for agricultural occupations as well as non agricultural occupations have grown in real terms. Coming to the state wise analysis, Bihar and Orissa are the states that saw the highest growth rates of wages for both males and females. The other st ate that achieved close to 10 percent per annum growth rate of wages is Kerala. Apart from Kerala, the other two states – Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu saw slower growth rates of wages. Uttar Pradesh having a large concentration of poor and rural labourers witnessed growth rates of less than two percent in both agricultural and non agricultural operations.

Wilson Disease Essay example -- Health, Homeostatis

A patient presented with symptoms that suggested she might be schizophrenic. With many conditions mimicking schizophrenia, the doctor reviewed the notes from the family and noticed the patient had missed an eye doctor appointment. The physician, very aware an exam could confirm or refute a diagnosis, requested an eye examination be performed. Kayser-Fleischer rings were present in the cornea of her eyes. These rings are deposits of copper and sulfur granules and are greenish-gold in color. They are not always present; however, when they are, they are a classic identifier of Wilson disease. (Holtz, 2006, pp.108-109) Therefore, the eye exam confirmed a diagnosis of Wilson disease for this patient. While working in England during the early 1900’s, Alexander Kinnear Wilson, an American neurologist, described the disease. (Schilsky & Brewer, 2009) As with many things, because he was the one who originally described it, it is named after him. Wilson disease is also referred to as hepatolenticular degeneration. (Mayo Clinic, 2009). It is a genetic, chronic disease that stores up excess copper in the liver. Accumulation of excess copper begins at birth. (Children’s Hospital of Pittsburg, 2010) Copper is an essential trace metal vital to human health, requiring a small, regular intake to maintain homeostatis. According to Copperinfo (2011), â€Å"At least 20 enzymes contain copper and at least 10 of these require copper to function.† The brain, the skin, the heart and the immune system all need copper. Ingested copper is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine. From there, it enters the bloodstream, making its way to the liver. (Copperinfo, 2011) A healthy liver serves as a filter. Part of its functionality is metabolizing carbohydr... ...cinnati Children’s Hospital, 2009). A normal liver adequately filters and removes toxins from the body through the urine or bile. A lack of copper homeostatis in a diseased, damaged liver obstructs this process. This excess accumulation of copper in the liver is Wilson disease. Inherited mutated genes, one from each parent, cause the disease. If only one mutated gene is passed on, then the individual is just a carrier and will never be diagnosed with Wilson disease. It is prevalent worldwide, including several different ethnic groups. It most often affects children and teens from ages 10 to 20 years old. Occasionally there are exceptions and we see diagnoses of Wilson’s in children as young as three and adults over the age of 50. Treatment is available that, if continued for a lifetime, will maintain copper homeostatis and the patient will live a good life.

Pest Analysis for market occupying Essay

Pest analysis: The following pest analysis has been created for three markets separately. Pest analysis stands for political, economic, socio-cultural and technological environment. Use of the pest analysis guides our company to work according to the changes taking place in these categories. Moreover good use of the analysis assist the company to avoid taking action that is condemned to failure from the outset, for reason beyond its control. The following is a pest analysis created for the market occupying Dubai and London. Socio-cultural: There is vast cultural difference in regard to locals in these countries. Both the countries’ population consists of various other nationalities. Dubai and London has tolerance of other religions and culture. Population density: London (12,450/sq mi (4,807/km2), Dubai 408.18/km2 (1,057/sq mi). Political: Legal and regulatory bodies: Both the countries share strict aviation based regulation and laws. Regulatory body for London: CAA (civil aviation authority) Regulatory body for Dubai: DCAA (Dubai Civil aviation Authority) There is no such political conflict in this market, which makes business between these two countries quite versatile. Market: Dubai and London Economical: London: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased 0.8 per cent Dubai: finance official predicts the UAE economy will top US$272 billion (S$361 billion)- 2010 Foreign exchange market: Pound sterling- 12.9% (daily share). London’s largest industry is finance. Tourism is one of London’s prime industries. Dubai is also an international financial centre and has been ranked 37th. Technological: Dubai’s industry growth had given way for technological advancement. Use of  technology has increased: London based companies in Dubai. London has various companies advising on the use of new technologies to other companies. Airlines based in Dubai use advanced technology to operate their businesses in London and Hong Kong. Pest analysis occupying the market in Dubai and Hong Kong: Socio-cultural: Hong Kong: the culture is a mix of the Chinese roots with influences from its time as a British colony. Dubai: Dubai is a highly cosmopolitan society with a diverse and vibrant culture. Honk Kong Population density: 6480/km2 16,576/sq mi. Dubai 408.18/km2 (1,057/sq mi). Dubai and Hong Kong has an established business link, which is an advantage to the aviation industry. Political: Legal and regulatory bodies: Dubai’s aviation regulatory body: DCAA (Dubai Civil aviation Authority), Hong Kong: Civil Aviation Administration of China. Government of Hong Kong: Non-sovereign partial democracy with unelected executive. Hong Kong continues to follow the English Common Law tradition established under British rule. Dubai and Hong Kong has no existing political conflicts. Market: Dubai and Hong Kong Economical: Hong Kong: an important centre for international finance and trade. Hong Kong dollar: 2.4% (daily share) Hong Kong GDP growth rate: economy is expected to grow 5 percent in 2010, may shrink 2 percent this year. Unemployment: 4.3% (July 2010). Main exports partners: China, US and Japan. Technological: Dubai’s industry growth has given way for technological advancement. The Innovation and Technology Commission (ITC) in Hong Kong supports applied  research and development (R&D) and technology transfer and application. Hong Kong has seen a rise in technological advancement which has contributed to economic and social development. Pest analysis for market occupying in London and Hong Kong: Socio-cultural: Hong Kong: the culture is a mix of the Chinese roots with influences from its time as a British colony. In terms of population, London is the 25th largest city. London is also home to sizeable Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and Jewish communities. Social trend (London and Hong Kong): career oriented, working class, low level of death rate. Technological: The Innovation and Technology Commission (ITC) in Hong Kong supports applied research and development (R&D) and technology transfer and application. Hong Kong has seen a rise in technological advancement which has contributed to economic and social development. London has a vibrant and growing IT sector. The region boasts over 350 companies with approximately 8000 employees. Economical: The Hong Kong Stock Exchange is the 6th largest in the world. London is a major financial centre for international business and commerce. Public debt: London: 68.5% of GDP (2009 est.). Hong Kong: 14.5% of GDP (2008 est.) Labor force: Hong Kong: 3.64 million (2007 est.) London: provincial unemployment rate fell from 8.9% to 8.6%. (2010) Market: London and Hong Kong Political: Legal and regulatory bodies: Hong Kong: Civil Aviation Administration of China. London: CAA (civil aviation authority) Hong Kong follows a free trade policy and hence  maintains basically no barriers on trade. There are various laws and regulations implied on businesses being set up in London, even for trading as well.

AC Greeen essays

AC Greeen essays A.C Green by A.C Green . Green tells about his life and how he made it to the NBA .He also tells how he got closer to God and accepted him as his savior . He also explains , that Christ is more important than cars and money Green was born in Portland , Oregon were he was loved by both of his parents . When Green got to High School he decided to play basketball for his school. He was the best player in his school . When they got to the State Championship they barely won by one point and were the champions .Then after that Green is selected to be the All-Metro area player of the year . When he was growing up just before going to the University of Oregon he accepts God as When Green had free time in the University he would encourage College students to read the Bible , know God and follow his commands . He would also preach to them about how good is to be a Christian and he would proudly say that he was a Christian .When he was playing basketball for Oregon State he was drafted to the Lakers . After graduating from Oregon State ,Green moves to L.A to play for the Lakers .That year Green wins his first NBA championship with the Lakers . When he lived in L.A he formed A.C Green Foundation for Youth to help build hope, confidence , and self esteem in young people. When he played his second year for the Lakers they won the NBA Championship . In his third year playing professional basketball he signed a contract to play for the A.C green is a pretty cool including the book for people who love sports , it influenced me to speak out more about God and love him more every day . An example of that is when he raised his hand at church and wasn't afraid to tell about God and saying that he got saved . Counting 1-10 I would rate this a 7. ...

How to Focus on Homework in 7 Easy Steps

How to Focus on Homework in 7 Easy Steps How to Focus on Homework[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Student’s life is not easy and sometimes you might feel too overwhelmed after a tiresome day at school. The last thing you want to do at such moments is to concentrate your effort on homework that still needs to be done timely and with much skill. However, it is often hard to resist the temptation to just set your homework aside and start doing something fun instead. Be that as it may, homework is something you cannot avoid by all means and as such you need to learn how to do it with maximum productivity. It is especially vital to do homework timely because if you leave it for later, it will eventually pile up and become a great burden that will be hard to deal with later on. Let’s explore what techniques you can employ in order to concentrate on your homework without being distracted.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=Determine What Distracts You from Homework use_t heme_fonts=yes][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Obviously, the 21st century is the epoch of distractions. We all have to strive hard against distractions that divert our attention from essential things in our life. These might be social networks, our mates, some vital things we need to do at a particular moment, our concerns and worries, our thoughts and anxiety as well as a myriad of temptations that are all around us (including doing shopping or eating some delicious meals). All this makes us distracted from what we really have to do, like homework.First thing you have to do in order to stay focused is to identify what diverts your attention from homework most of all, making your mind drift away to some distracting tasks, places or ideas that you need to think of at the moment. Just try to understand what serves as a distraction and deal with it appropriately.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=Keep Digital Distra ctions Away by Restricting the Use of Technologies use_theme_fonts=yes][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]We all have a habit to keep track of our social networking activity day by day. No one would argue that social media plays a significant role in our everyday lives. Just think how much time we spend on social networks, which often prevent us from doing something really important like homework. All you have to do is just put away the distracting device and focus on your home tasks. The constant sound of notifications causes much inconvenience, especially if you are doing homework and trying to concentrate on the task as much as you can. To avoid causing harm to your academic success, just turn your phone off and set aside the rest of digital technologies for later use.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=Useful Learning Habits to Help You Out use_theme_fonts=yes][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_tex t]Here are a few tips as for how to cultivate effective learning habits in order to stay focused and concentrate on your home tasks with much productivity.Follow a regimen. This would help you to stay in focus without too much effort. When you have some homework to be completed, the learning regimen would serve as the major factor forcing you to sit down and keep working up until the project is ready. This process is not too complicated. You just have to tell yourself that you’ll dedicate a portion of your time to homework after you come from school and have some rest. During this time, you’ll have to keep your phone turned off, make an outline of your future work and just start doing whatever you need to do.Create a special atmosphere that will encourage you to reveal your potential to the fullest. This is another important issue because you need to choose a special place for learning. Don’t think it does not matter, because it is always best to have a separate place where no one would disturb you and where no other member of the family will be doing some of their activities. An isolated room where you feel comfortable would be an ideal place for doing homework.Avoid doing certain things in advance. It is worth keeping in mind that if you intend to complete your homework to the best of your abilities, you’d rather not eat a big meal before you get down to work. This will not allow you to concentrate properly. Instead, you’ll feel too lazy to do anything, let alone homework. Just have some snack so as not to be hungry and start working for the sake of your academic success.Take a break from time to time and calm your thoughts using physical exercises or taking a short walk to stretch your legs. This will allow you to work productively and avoid getting too tired and overwhelmed with the scope of homework you need to complete.Don’t forget to keep your study notes organized and well-structured. It is important to know yo ur priorities. This means that you need to understand what you will do in the first place and what things can be done later. After that, just make a small outline of your future work and highlight the most essential tasks to be performed during your study time.Let your close people know that you do not want to be disturbed during your learning time. Family members entering the room or calling you when you are studying might prevent you from focusing on your studies and revealing your creativity to the fullest. Just let them know you need a bit of privacy.Don’t forget about the deadlines. Even if your instructor does not force you to hurry up, you still need to set some deadlines in order to keep your work organized and know exactly when you will get it done.As such, there are lots of techniques that can be used to stay focused on your homework. However, it is always best to leave this task to professional writers, so don’t hesitate to ask our writing service for help i f you find it hard to concentrate on your learning tasks. We guarantee top-notch academic papers for a highly affordable price delivered right on time and meeting the strictest requirements of the educational world.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image source=external_link external_img_size=full title=Focus Hacks To Help You Concentrate custom_src=https://i.pinimg.com/originals/e9/4e/a7/e94ea7c74401c81f1987bf49cf33c248.png caption=Focus Hacks To Help You Concentrate][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_video link=https://youtu.be/OrrU7WyrDIw title=How To Focus On Homework (And Get It Done FAST)][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_video link=https://youtu.be/Z1UaU6O59tg title=How I stay focused 10 to Focus on Homework][/vc_column][/vc_row]Do you like this essay? You can say "Thank you" to the writer donating him any amount you want. Donate here. (1 votes, average: 5.00 out of 5) Loading...0Comments How to Focus on Homework[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Student’s life is not easy and sometimes you might feel too overwhelmed after a tiresome day at school. The last thing you want to do at such moments is to concentrate your effort on homework that still needs to be done timely and with much skill. However, it is often hard to resist the temptation to just set your homework aside and start doing something fun instead. Be that as it may, homework is something you cannot avoid by all means and as such you need to learn how to do it with maximum productivity. It is especially vital to do homework timely because if you leave it for later, it will eventually pile up and become a great burden that will be hard to deal with later on. Let’s explore what techniques you can employ in order to concentrate on your homework without being distracted.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=Determine What Distracts You from Homework use_t heme_fonts=yes][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Obviously, the 21st century is the epoch of distractions. We all have to strive hard against distractions that divert our attention from essential things in our life. These might be social networks, our mates, some vital things we need to do at a particular moment, our concerns and worries, our thoughts and anxiety as well as a myriad of temptations that are all around us (including doing shopping or eating some delicious meals). All this makes us distracted from what we really have to do, like homework.First thing you have to do in order to stay focused is to identify what diverts your attention from homework most of all, making your mind drift away to some distracting tasks, places or ideas that you need to think of at the moment. Just try to understand what serves as a distraction and deal with it appropriately.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=Keep Digital Distra ctions Away by Restricting the Use of Technologies use_theme_fonts=yes][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]We all have a habit to keep track of our social networking activity day by day. No one would argue that social media plays a significant role in our everyday lives. Just think how much time we spend on social networks, which often prevent us from doing something really important like homework. All you have to do is just put away the distracting device and focus on your home tasks. The constant sound of notifications causes much inconvenience, especially if you are doing homework and trying to concentrate on the task as much as you can. To avoid causing harm to your academic success, just turn your phone off and set aside the rest of digital technologies for later use.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=Useful Learning Habits to Help You Out use_theme_fonts=yes][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_tex t]Here are a few tips as for how to cultivate effective learning habits in order to stay focused and concentrate on your home tasks with much productivity.Follow a regimen. This would help you to stay in focus without too much effort. When you have some homework to be completed, the learning regimen would serve as the major factor forcing you to sit down and keep working up until the project is ready. This process is not too complicated. You just have to tell yourself that you’ll dedicate a portion of your time to homework after you come from school and have some rest. During this time, you’ll have to keep your phone turned off, make an outline of your future work and just start doing whatever you need to do.Create a special atmosphere that will encourage you to reveal your potential to the fullest. This is another important issue because you need to choose a special place for learning. Don’t think it does not matter, because it is always best to have a separate place where no one would disturb you and where no other member of the family will be doing some of their activities. An isolated room where you feel comfortable would be an ideal place for doing homework.Avoid doing certain things in advance. It is worth keeping in mind that if you intend to complete your homework to the best of your abilities, you’d rather not eat a big meal before you get down to work. This will not allow you to concentrate properly. Instead, you’ll feel too lazy to do anything, let alone homework. Just have some snack so as not to be hungry and start working for the sake of your academic success.Take a break from time to time and calm your thoughts using physical exercises or taking a short walk to stretch your legs. This will allow you to work productively and avoid getting too tired and overwhelmed with the scope of homework you need to complete.Don’t forget to keep your study notes organized and well-structured. It is important to know yo ur priorities. This means that you need to understand what you will do in the first place and what things can be done later. After that, just make a small outline of your future work and highlight the most essential tasks to be performed during your study time.Let your close people know that you do not want to be disturbed during your learning time. Family members entering the room or calling you when you are studying might prevent you from focusing on your studies and revealing your creativity to the fullest. Just let them know you need a bit of privacy.Don’t forget about the deadlines. Even if your instructor does not force you to hurry up, you still need to set some deadlines in order to keep your work organized and know exactly when you will get it done.As such, there are lots of techniques that can be used to stay focused on your homework. However, it is always best to leave this task to professional writers, so don’t hesitate to ask our writing service for help i f you find it hard to concentrate on your learning tasks. We guarantee top-notch academic papers for a highly affordable price delivered right on time and meeting the strictest requirements of the educational world.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image source=external_link external_img_size=full title=Focus Hacks To Help You Concentrate custom_src=https://i.pinimg.com/originals/e9/4e/a7/e94ea7c74401c81f1987bf49cf33c248.png caption=Focus Hacks To Help You Concentrate][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_video link=https://youtu.be/OrrU7WyrDIw title=How To Focus On Homework (And Get It Done FAST)][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_video link=https://youtu.be/Z1UaU6O59tg title=How I stay focused 10 to Focus on Homework][/vc_column][/vc_row]

AFA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

AFA - Essay Example Hegel asserted that African did not have the capacity or the spirit to steer development. However, the transformation that Africa has gone through is proof of the true of African spirit that chose to rule itself after European. The statements of Hegel were appreciated a century later by Hugh Trevor-Roper. Trevor-Roper’s compilation, The Rise of Christian Europe, likened the history of Africa to darkness, and the present Africa has undeniable traces of Europe history. The purpose of this essay is to debunk the mythical and stereotyped assertions made by Hegel and Trevor-Roper. The present Africa has made remarkable history by holding on to social, political and economic practices that trace back to the pre-colonial era. The transformation social-cultural institutions have gone through cannot escape notice. Hegel and Trevor-Roper ignore the rich traditional culture that existed before the scramble for Africa. The family unit recognized unequal role between men and women in the family unit. Men were considered as protectors and breadwinners in the family while women tended to children and farms. The superior role of men was appreciated in Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria South Africa where the societies were patriarch in nature (Archive.unu.edu).The family units did not undergo many transformations despite the coming of European and Asians from as early as 1800s. The West Africa nations retained the male supremacy and any attitude or practice that favored the role of the men in the society. However, post-colonial periods features family units where both and women have equal roles. The adoption of European religion has played a crucial role in setting modern trends within the African family units. There are communities that embrace male supremacy but are gradually orienting to the new wo rld order on equality. Indigenous African education system featured practices and customs that were taught by the older

Aqua Resources to list on London Stock Exchange Research Paper

Aqua Resources to list on London Stock Exchange - Research Paper Example While others have announced the effects on wealth after the announcement of the listing of shares this study will indicate the long and short-term effects on the wealth of shareholders who list through their various companies in the London Stock Exchange. The case to be used in this study is the Aqua Ltd.   Aqua invests principally in businesses that are involved in - water treatment and recycling, wastewater and recycling, water treatment and purification, water infrastructure, water application and conversion (water-to-energy and desalination) with the objective of capturing the growth opportunities emerging from the attractive long-term dynamics driving the water industry. Aqua's investment objective is to provide long-term capital appreciation through exposure to a diversified portfolio of water-related investments. Pursuant to this objective, Aqua's ordinary shares were admitted to listing on the Official List of the UK Listing Authority and to trading on the main market for l isted securities of the London Stock Exchange plc on 24th July 2008. Aqua is a Guernsey-domiciled Authorized Closed-ended investment scheme pursuant to section 8 of the Protection of Investors (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1987, as amended and rule 6.02 of the Authorized closed-ended Investment Schemes Rules 2008.   The study examines a variety of measures to gauge the wealth effects, incl the ding buy-and-hold excess returns, excess returns around earnings announcements, and industry-adjusted operating performance.... Pursuant to this objective, Aqua's ordinary shares were admitted to listing on the Official List of the UK Listing Authority and to trading on the main market for listed securities of the London Stock Exchange plc on 24th July 2008. Aqua is a Guernsey-domiciled Authorized Closed-ended investment scheme pursuant to section 8 of the Protection of Investors (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1987, as amended and rule 6.02 of the Authorized closed-ended Investment Schemes Rules 2008 (A Proposal for putting some stop to the extravagant humor of Stock-Jobbing). The study examines a variety of measures to gauge the wealth effects, including buy-and-hold excess returns, excess returns around earnings announcements, and industry-adjusted operating performance. This is done to monitor the flow of wealth in terms of the working outlay of the shares in the stock market. From the study, we find that the old stocks underperform during the preannouncement period. This evidence suggests that the listed sto cks were issued after periods of poor performance hence a boom period has to be allowed to take shape for the contrasts to be covered up and avoid spinoffs and carve outs. The pre-announcement returns by the London Stock Exchange provides some evidence on the circumstances that lead to listing stock and restructurings that take shape thereafter. However, the wealth effects of restructurings can only be measured starting with the announcement returns after the end year compilation of financial data. We find that the average announcement excess returns are significantly positive and range between 1.8 and 2.7 percent relative to different benchmarks placed. These returns are similar to those documented by previous studies of listing stocks in the stock exchange (Rules and

Parenting Model Metaphor Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Parenting Model Metaphor - Assignment Example Parents must be strong, patient and flexible travelers who would adjust to the situation given to them. Later towards the end of the journey, the parents would see in their golden years what kind of travelers they were. There is no course or learning program for people who would be parents one day that is why it is difficult to assume the role. It is a wonderful adventure yet quite fearful since many unexpected things can happen along the way. The important thing is to be prepared that is why married couples planning to have children must be able to settle their individual differences and adjust to each other before having a child. Each parent have different family background and experiences unless they share similar cohort ( classmates, next-door neighbors, childhood sweethearts) whose lives have been fused by their growing up experiences( Chapter 12). Nevertheless, they have their own individuality that would highly influence their decisions as they have witnessed and experienced from their collective efficacy. In short, the traveler’s backpack is already filled with their individuality that would soon come out along the journey of parenting. As they pull-out from their bags their own experiences to deal with situations (i.e. my mother taught me that the best way to cure fever†¦..) their child would absorb from them such ideas and experiences too. A bag filled with bitter, resentful, and painful life experiences would make the journey hard for the parent unless he/ she use them to teach life’s lessons and give hope to their children. The traveler’s also need to bring with them food on the journey to nourish their children with. These food are the family rituals, celebration, traditions and routine which according to Friesen helps † families establish habits that can help them succeed and connect on a regular basis. The familiarity of repeated activities and

Process Improvement Essay Example for Free

Process Improvement Essay ABSTRACT This document will be evaluating an existing process within Toyota during the time of their accelerator crisis. A problem statement will be defined around the process of internal communication of concerns and ideas between foreign-based Toyota employees and the authoritative management of Toyota based in Japan. PROBLEM ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PROCESS Problem framing is a very important, but easily overlooked, part of decision-making. Framing a problem can have a heavy influence on the decisions that are made. It isnt enough to frame the problem; it should be framed with the solution in mind. This helps to keep the end goal of the decision-making process in mind so that the correct choices are made. In the case of Toyota, at the highest level, they had a major problem with some of their products involving unintended acceleration and their handling of  customer reports of the problem led to a whole mess of other problems. So from the outside looking in, it seems that many processes internal to Toyota had room for improvement. Although there are many different business sections of Toyota with their own respective problems such as customer service, public relations, manufacturing, the problem I would like analyze and offer improvement on is internal communication process between management and foreign employees and how the breakdown in this process affected some of the business decisions made by Toyotas upper management. As Toyota grew into a global powerhouse in the auto industry, the organizational structure that emerged was a centralized design †¦that put key decision-making in the hands of executives in Japan†¦ Some believed that Toyotas structure in the U.S. ultimately impaired its ability to prevent the safety problems before they reached the crisis (Greto, Schotter Teagarden, 2010, pg. 7-8). A quality tool or method used to help with the identification and prioritization of the potential causes of quality problems in a process is cause-and-effect analysis. In a way, this is a reverse engineering method used to identify the elements of a specific quality problem and to identify the causes so that it can be corrected. The problem wasnt the unintended acceleration of certain vehicles; the problem was the internal management decision-making that impacted the engineering of those vehicles which created the engineering problem. For some background information, the defining and founding philosophy of Toyota, the Toyota Way, has been around for a long time but it wasnt until the late 1980s in which they began production of their vehicles in the U.S. Specifically the problem of ideas from U.S.-based employees has been largely ignored for almost 20 years when it comes to key engineering or financial-based decisions. Despite the global sales volume gain, Toyota reported revenues of US $211 billion for 2009, a decrease of 19% for the previous year (Greto, Schotter Teagarden, 2010, pg. 2). Even though Toyota has been making large profits throughout the past 20 years, they experienced a decrease in 2009 and part of this was related to the ambitious initiatives and business decisions made by Toyotas upper management. Japan is notoriously consensus oriented, and companies have a strong tendency to mediate differences among individuals rather than accentuate them (Porter, 1996, pg. 63). Japanese culture and Toyotas centralized decision-making structure made it difficult for U.S. based employees to offer ideas, suggestions for improvements, or to elevate critical problems to upper management in Japan. Toyotas upper management, in their minds, let the U.S. employees do what they do best, which is supposedly marketing and selling. The process used by Toyota to communicate foreign employees ideas to upper management was heard, but not listened to. Even the process of internal communication between management had its breakdowns because of the perception by family-oriented managers of nonfamily managers in that nonfamily members didnt have such thoughts as safety and quality in the forefront of their minds. Overall, the communication process seemed to be that ideas were submitted from employees, whether by Japanese or foreign employees, to management and ideas were reviewed and pushed up the management chain when it was appropriate. However, ideas that might have some bearing on engineering, manufacturing or financing were largely ignored when the source of the ideas were from U.S.-based employees and this violated the Toyota Way. To add to the complexity, the process for communicating ideas became more convoluted depending on the audience, nonfamily or family-based managers. To sum this up into a problem statement: Toyota has violated their founding philosophy of employee empowerment, especially for non-Japanese employees, and continues to make important business decisions without any regard to concerns or ideas from foreign employees when appropriate. Employees may have ideas that could be used in the decision-making process to achieve better quality solutions. Toyota needs a better mechanism or improvement to this internal communication process to capture the knowledge and ideas of all employees and to share these ideas across the organization. All in all, its to improve the internal communication process bet ween employees and management in order to support the idea of continuous improvement and quality. CONTEXT OF SELECTED PROCESS FOR IMPROVEMENT The _Toyota Way_ mandates planning for the long term; highlighting problems  instead of hiding them; encouraging team work with colleagues and suppliers; and, perhaps most importantly, instilling a self-critical culture that fosters continuous and unrelenting improvement (Greto, Schotter Teagarden, 2010, pg. 3). Two cores ideas from the statement above are the idea of team work and most importantly employee empowerment. These two values are what made Toyota into a successful global corporation during their fast rise in the 1980s. Employees were encouraged to offer ideas for improvement for any process within the organization and this helped with continuing the idea of continuous improvement. An important part of making business decisions is having real-time and critical information. The selected process for improvement: improving the communication of ideas and concerns and the sharing of foreign employees ideas to Toyotas Japanese management team needs to be addressed immediately. The process selected for improvement is the process used to capture the ideas of all employees, U.S.-based included, and to have these ideas be properly represented and presented to management for review in real-time. You know the joke that every bank branch has a president well, every Toyota facility has a president, and one cant tell another what to do (Greto, Schotter Teagarden, 2010, pg. 8). This statement touches the surface of why the internal management communication process needs improvement at Toyota. The way the process is currently being represented in Toyotas organization is a complete violation of their founding philosophy. During the 2000s, Toyota pushed for a lot of initiatives that in hindsight were either short-term profit driven or too ambitious. For example, despite the savings of more than US $10 billion over the six years since CC21s inception, Watanabe set out to achieve even more cost savings through the new VI (Value Innovation) strategy (Greto, Schotter Teagarden, 2010, pg. 5). This was a business decision made to further drive up profits despite the respectable amount of savings already made financially. If the knowledge, ideas and concerns of employees were properly captured and communicated to management, it could have prevented some of the poor business decision-making made and the impact of these decisions on engineering and manufacturing. Two impacts of the poor decision-making was the decision to become leaner with the manufacturing process and  overstretching existing resources in trying to supplant GM as number on in the automobile industry. Toyotas has employees in many different markets who most likely had concerns regarding these decisions or ideas on how to improve the ideas and _communicated_ these ideas but these ideas werent being heard in time or heard at all by management. To put this all into context, the process for communicating ideas and concerns internally is impacted by the culture and internal structure of Toyota. These are both tough things to change but the process used to capture and represent ideas to management is something easy to improve. IMPLICATIONS OF THE PROCESS If the current internal communication process continues as is, there will continue to be a breakdown in the communication of potentially important ideas and concerns from employees to management. If employees feel as if their input isnt listened to or even heard, they will become apathetic or not even bother trying to communicate important ideas or concerns. As a result, this can lead to the cycle of poor business decisions being made resulting in more damage to the company. Even worse, this will continue to cause Toyota to stray away from the core values of the Toyota Way that made them a successful global corporation. Already what has happened as a result of the ignoring of ideas and making business decisions with only the goal of short-term profits in mind is that Toyota during the oil sludge crisis had to pay millions of dollars as a result of class action lawsuits and took a hit to their business image. Fast forward to the accelerator crisis, Toyota experienced losing $2 billion dollars during the recall, had to pay a $16.4 million dollar civil penalty under U.S. law, experienced a customer relations nightmare and even had some of their car models dropped from Consumer Reports. The dollar amount lost due to the alienation of customers, lack of accountability at first by Toyota, and corporate reputation and image hit is immeasurable. Implementing some mechanism to improve the communication process between  employees and management and even management can be improved with the use of something such as a knowledge management system. Effective knowledge management tools can help firms reduce internal costs of maintaining electronic filing systems and reduce the administrative expense of locating documents. Second, just as efficiency can improve profitability, leverage can have the same effect where knowledge transfer enhances the quality of work performance, and therefore, its value. In this context, leverage is the ability to delegate work to the most cost-effective resource. The transfer of knowledge is, in fact, the essence of knowledge management (Martin, 2002, pg. 1). Although it is a large internal expense, the benefits of a KM system would have a great effect on the general business results and business relationships of Toyota with its employees, management and even their supply chain. POTENTIAL OUTCOMES OF IMPROVING THE PROCESS Improving the current internal communication process of ideas and concern helps to improve employee relations between management and their reports. It helps to re-establish a culture of knowledge sharing and representing that captured knowledge in such a way that it can help to improve the business decision-making by upper management. Any important business decisions made by upper management have a direct impact on the shareholders. So any improvement in the process that results in better business decisions being made will have a direct positive impact for the shareholders. The current decision-making and straying away from the founding principles of the Toyota Way has damaged the company and continuing down this path will only make the future worse for Toyota. So having an internal mechanism to capture ideas and improve communication such as a KM system can only improve the situation. Employees would feel like their ideas are being heard and will continue to offer suggestions for continual improvement. An improvement in communication can help to break down the false perceptions that family-oriented managers have of nonfamily managers. For example, a family-based manager might come across an idea from an unexpected source, a nonfamily manager, and come to respect that person for their knowledge. In a  way, this could help to improve the Japanese culture way of making decisions internally. Toyota is almost in the top of their market, so they are their own worst enemy when it comes to being competitive. So an improvement in their internal decision-making around all important financial, engineering and manufacturing decisions will only help to sustain and further their current competitive edge. Sometimes an organization has to make a large internal expense in order to position themselves differently from their competitors. Strategic positioning means performing _different_ activities from rivals or performing similar activities in _different_ ways (Porter, 1996, pg. 62). So collecting ideas internally and using them to make better business decisions will help Toyota to strategically position themselves even further away from their competition. SUMMARY Overall, Toyota is its own worst enemy with the current decision-making process they have in place internally. Even though the centralized decision-making structure is what Toyota currently has in place, the decision-making needs to take into account employee input, whether foreign or not. Employee input has been a cornerstone of the Toyota Way and Toyota has strayed from this founding principle. The implications of continuing down this path will result in more crises which in turn results in loss business, damaged business reputation, lawsuits and losing the competitive edge. Improving this process will result in better employee relations; establish a knowledge sharing culture which is needed for an environment that is striving for continual improvement and better business decisions being made. REFERENCES Greto, M., Schotter, A., Teagarden, M. (2010). Toyota: The accelerator crisis. Thunderbird School of Global Management. Martin, K. (2002). Features Show Me the Money Measuring the Return on Knowledge Management. LLRX. Retrieved from http://www.llrx.com/features/kmroi.htm Porter, M. E. (1996). What is strategy? _Harvard Business Review, 74_(6), 61-78. Russell, R.S., Taylor, B.W. (2011). _Operations management: Creating value along the supply chain_ (7th ed.)_._ Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. ISBN: 9780470525906

Alzheimers Disease, Nursing Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

Nursing Care and Understanding of Alzheimer Disease Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loss of memory, forgetfulness, personal change, even death, are common related disorders caused by a disease called Dementia or better known to most people as Alzheimer’s disease. This disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States in persons 65 and older. Alzheimer’s disease is, named for the German neurologist Alois Alzheimer, who first recognized the disease in 1907; Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a progressive deterioration of mental functioning. Nursing plays a major role in the care for patients who have Alzheimer’s disease during the three stages of the disease. The majority of Alzheimer’s patients are cared for at home by nursing caregivers or in a nursing home facility. Impact on Today’s World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of the many illnesses know today, Alzheimer’s has an effect not only on the patient but on the caregiver or nurse as well. Many journal articles, papers, and books discuss the impact on the role of the nurse and the Alzheimer’s patient. These articles show that over time the impact of this disease puts the nurse out of his or her homeostasis. Through the process of the disease the ability to control and maintain ones self stability is somewhat overwhelming and can lead to depression of the nurse caring for the patient in most cases. Depression and frustration usually comes from the fact that the Alzheimer’s patient’s mental and physical health is gradually dwindling away, and the caregiver or nurse feels helpless. This helplessness comes from the fact that the nurse or caregiver is showing care, compassion, and using all the knowledge he or she has, yet the nurse sees little to no progress in the person because the disease process is ta king over. â€Å"One caregiver described the disease as being a long journey in which the undeniable end is death, no fixed route, and no estimated time of departure† (Morton, 2003 p.262). Philosophy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nursing is the art of caring. Nursing is a profession because it requires an education in order to give the patient the care he or she needs. Nursing is giving of your self to help others in need of care. In nursing you are always learning, and through education you enhance your abilities to give the highest quality of care. Nursing education enhances t... ...responsible for his actions or emotions. People today and in the future generations look toward great medical miracles along with an increased life expectancy but with all great achievements their will be failure and success. Point being for every cure or medicine there will always be the need for nursing and the loving care that goes along with it. References Bren L. (2003 Jul-Aug). â€Å"Alzheimer's: searching for a cure†. FDA Consumer. 37(4):18-25. Harris, D. (1990). Sociology of Aging. New York, NY. Harper & Row Press. Martindale-Adams, J., Nichols, L., Burns, B., & Malone, C. (2002). Telephone support  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  groups: A lifeline for isolated Alzheimers Disease caregivers. Alzheimer’s Care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quarterly 2002, 3(2), 181-189. Morton, L. (2003). Psychological journey of an Alzheimer’s caregiver. Alzheimer’s Care Quarterly 2003, 4(4), 262-268. Reisburg, B. & Harvey, R. (2002). Drug slows advanced Alzheimer’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 348,1334. Smith, G. B. (2002). Case management guideline: Alzheimer Disease and other   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  dementias. Nursing Case Management, 7(2), 77-84.

Four Theoretical Approaches to Metaphysics Essay

There are four theoretical approaches to the metaphysics and they include Dualism and the theory that what exists on can do so on two levels the physical or the mental. The next approach is Materialism which theorizes that everything exists on a physical level. Then there is the Idealism approach which states that everything that exists is mental or spiritual. Finally, there is Alternative Views which theorizes that what exists in neither mental nor spiritual but believed that what exists is both, which means that what exists is neutral. In the Materialism theory of metaphysics it is said that everything is made of some kind of structure that are now called atoms. These atoms are governed entirely by physical laws and are thought to make up everything that we know and see. There were and are still many men in the scientific community that feel this way, but the most pronounced one was named Thomas Hobbes. Hobbes implied â€Å"clearly that all things are made of material particles and that all change reduces to motion. † (cite) His theory states that everything is matter in motion to include an individual’s thought process. Hobbes goes into detail about how this process works and called it perception or sense. His way of describing it is the fact that things have different properties and that the properties do not really exist. The properties of an object are based on what we perceive them to be. We perceive a rose to be beautiful, smell nice, and have red pedals. Those properties according to Hobbes are all based on perception and the rose does not actually have any of these traits. â€Å"The things that really are in the world outside us are those motions by which these seemings are caused. (cite) Hobbes describes perception as motion from the outside effects the motion of the inside of a person. The motion on the outside affected the motion on the inside and leaves a lasting effect after the motion is complete or dispersed then the motion that remains behind on the inside is left as a memory. The motion that is still on the inside is a perception and in turn is the root cause for thinking, imagination, and memory. As humans we describe this reaction by assigning words to these perceptions and Hobbes labeled that as reasoning. The way that people reason is nothing sort of â€Å"adding and subtracting of the consequences of general names. † (cite) The easiest way that this can be explained would be to refer it to a computer. The hard drive is considered as the movement on the inside and the keyboard and mouse as the outside. The hard drive is made up of a disk and magnet and works by taking the disc and spinning is around at a rapid pace. Next the magnet is moved around to encode the data to the hard drive. This whole process is done through movement and if stationary there is nothing that can be done to retrieve or store information. First to store or retrieve information an external source of movement needs to happen. Movement from the outside was represented as a keyboard and mouse. The keyboard and mouse which is movement from the outside affects the hard drive which is the movement from the inside and vice versa. Now that movement has been represented the reasoning of information needs to be considered. Now we understand what movement effect movement means we can now address the fact of reasoning and perception. All of the information that the computer takes in needs to go somewhere and needs to be retrieved again. The computer makes sense of all the data by assigning numbers to all of the data so that it can be retrieved again. This aspect would be considered our perception which is reasoning which as Hobbes stated before is our thinking, memory, and imagination. Now some people would argue that Hobbes theory does not take into accounts decision making and other voluntary actions, but he does go into detail about how that process works. Hobbes addresses the finer points of the decision process by stating that every decision or movement starts of as an â€Å"endeavor† which was caused by perception. He then breaks it down even into two groups consisting of desire and aversion. When the endeavor is toward something then it is considered a desire and when it is away it is considered an aversion. We associate desire and aversion with words like love and hate or good and bad. So according to Hobbes the basic principle of our decision making is like a magnet. Let’s look at the magnet that is in the computer and affects the hard drive. Sometimes data can be corrupted and the information will not take to the hard drive. The process of corrupt data being entered from the outside can be considered as an aversion. Now any information that the system lets in can be considers as desire. If that did not make sense then lets look at a magnet in general. A magnet has a positive and a negative side. Anything that is attracted to the positive side can be considered a desire and anything that is repelled by the negative side can be considered an aversion. In the recent years there has been some advancements in technology that allows us to uncover the mysteries of the universe. Scientists have found matter that is smaller than atoms and they are calling them subatomic particles. It has been discovered that these particles make up every aspect of the universe and are comprised of some type of energy that is connected with everything else. After this discovery a lot of scientists are rattled about their theory and if Materialism is really the right type of metaphysical theory to go with. However, this does not completely rule this theory out it just seems like that needs to some changes or tweaks to the way that we think about Materialism.

Cell Phones: How Have They Changed Us Socially Essay

Cell phones have been called â€Å"one of the most technologically persuasive influences† over recent decades (Addo 2013). No matter where one looks, he or she can see people using their phones in one way or another. The cell phone has become an essential communication tool that is being used worldwide. According to Pew Research, â€Å"cell phones are now being used by 91% of adults in 2013† (Brenner 2013). The research also states that â€Å"56% of American adults have smartphones.† Pew Research even conducted a survey which indicates that â€Å"youth ages 12-17 put their cell phone adoption at 78% (and 37% of all teens have a smartphone)† (Brenner 2013). It is hard to imagine our lives without cell phones, but it wasn’t very long ago that they were introduced to society. The history of the cell phone goes back forty years. The first cell phone was created by Martin Cooper of Motorola. He made his first wireless phone call on April 3, 1973, to his rival Joe Engel, head of research of Bell Labs (Buck 2013). The phone Cooper used weighed 2.5 pounds; it was ten inches long; and it had a battery life of only twenty minutes. In 1983, the first cell phone (Motorola Dynatac 8000X) was sold to the public. The price tag for the phone was a staggering $3,995.00. Over the passing years, the size of cell phones have become smaller and the price tags for these devices have also decreased. Smart phones are the most popular type of cells phones in current public circulation. In 1983, cell phones were designed for one purpose only: to make phone calls. In present times, smart phones are capable of performing a number of different functions. They allow users to not only make phones calls, but also to send text messages and picture texts, send and receive emails, have face-time, play music and games, and access the internet. There are new versions of phones being released yearly and the technology is growing just as rapidly. Cell phones are having an impact on society in terms of creating an informative, connected, culturally innovative society, and are also impacting personal lives of users in many ways including time use, privacy, safety and individuality. One positive impact cell phones have on society is  the ability to keep in touch with family and friends. Another is the ability to be more aware of what is happening in the world around us (by access to the internet). One of the negative impacts are the effects of texting and driving. This is especially common among teenage drivers. Another negative affect is several people are overusing, misusing, and even abusing their use of cell phones. However, when used responsibly, cell phones are a very important and necessary factor of today’s society. Cell phones have an effect on the way that individuals function in society, and while there has not been a lot of research on the effects of cell phone use, it has both positive and negative consequences (Addo 2013). Cell phones, in their short time of existence, have changed the way in which individuals are interacting with each other. Cell phones have allowed social networks and relationships to be strengthened as well as new relationships to be formed (Addo 2013). They have provided avenues for individuals to stay connected on a new lev el that does not depend on space and time, but is readily accessible at anytime, anywhere. Works Cited Addo, Augustine. The adoption of mobile phone: How has it changes us socially? Issues in Business Management and Ecomonics, 1(3). p. 47-60. 2013. Web. Buck, Stephanie. Cell-ebration! 40 years of cellphone history.http://mashable.com/2013/04/03/anniversary-of-cellphone/. 2013. Web. Brenner, Joanna. Pew Internet: Mobile. http://pewinternet.org/commentary/2012/february/Pew-Internet-Mobile.aspx. 2013. Web.